{"id":6313,"date":"2022-04-02T06:49:07","date_gmt":"2022-04-02T06:49:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.sannytelecom.com\/?p=6313"},"modified":"2024-04-16T05:36:57","modified_gmt":"2024-04-16T05:36:57","slug":"8-parameters-to-learn-the-horn-antennas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.sannytelecom.com\/ace\/8-parameters-to-learn-the-horn-antennas\/","title":{"rendered":"8 Parameters to Learn the Horn Antennas"},"content":{"rendered":"

Due to the rapid development of technology in communication, there is an increasing need for antenna systems with good performance. As receiving and transmitting radio wave equipment, the antenna is a critical component of the whole system. The reflective surface antenna(parabolic dish antenna) has unique advantages, and it’s widely used in communication, radar, radio astronomy, etc. As the feed source or direct radiator of the whole reflector antenna, the horn antenna directly affects the performance of the entire reflector system.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When choosing a horn antenna, you need to focus on a couple of parameters based on your application. It’s included but not limited to frequency ranges, gain, polarization as well as the half-power beamwidth, etc. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horn Antenna Frequency Ranges<\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Currently, most commercial fixed wireless services use C-band. With the increasing variety of communication services, Ku\/Ka-band is gaining more and more attention after being fully developed by reducing the track spacing and adopting orthogonal polarization multiplexing and spatial multiplexing. In terms of bandwidth, Ku\/Ka-band is much larger than C-band, especially Ka-band, so it is the primary band for the new generation of high-capacity communication systems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Late in World War II, Germany first used a radar that operated at a wavelength of only 1.5 cm, called K-band radar. K is the initial of the German word Kurz (short). Unfortunately, the Germans’ frequency happened to be very easily absorbed by water vapor, making it unusable in foggy or rainy weather. Radars after World War II usually used Ku (K-under) band or Ka (K-above) band to avoid the water vapor absorption peak in the K band. The specific band division is shown in the table below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Band Name <\/td> Frequency Range <\/td> Explanation of Band Name<\/td><\/tr>
HF<\/td> 3-30 MHz<\/td> High Frequency <\/td><\/tr>
VHF<\/td> 30-300 MHz<\/td> Very High Frequency <\/td><\/tr>
UHF<\/a><\/td> 300-3000 MHz<\/td>Ultra High Frequency <\/td><\/tr>
L<\/td>1-2 GHz<\/td>Long Wave<\/td><\/tr>
S<\/td>2-4 GHz<\/td>Short Wave<\/td><\/tr>
C<\/a><\/td>4-8 GHz<\/td> Compromise between S & X <\/td><\/tr>
X<\/td>8-12 GHz<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
Ku<\/td>12-18 GHz<\/td>Kurz-under<\/td><\/tr>
K<\/a><\/td>18-27 GHz<\/td>Kurz (German)<\/td><\/tr>
Ka<\/td>27-40 GHz<\/td>Kurz-above<\/td><\/tr>
Q<\/td>30-50 GHz<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
U<\/td>40-60 GHz<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
V<\/td>50-75 GHz<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
W<\/td>75-110 GHz<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
F<\/td>90-140 GHz<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
D<\/td>110-170 GHz<\/td>\/<\/td><\/tr>
Mm<\/td>110-300 GHz<\/td>Millimeter<\/td><\/tr>
\u03bcm<\/a><\/td>300-3000 GHz<\/td> Micrometer(1\u03bcm=1\/1000mm) <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table>
Horn Antenna Frequency Ranges<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
<\/div>\n\n\n\n
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Frequencies and Applications<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ku\/Ka-band communication system can meet the high-capacity requirements of communication and can improve the system’s anti-interference, confidentiality, anti-destructiveness, flexibility, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horn Antenna Gain<\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As you already know that there are numerous types of horn antennas with diverse functionalities. The different antennas have varying applications and accordingly decided operating frequencies. Here the bandwidth and operating frequencies create a difference between their gains, not to forget the impact of horn antenna type. Consequently, the gain remains symmetrical throughout the waveguide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Horn Antenna Polarization<\/mark><\/h3>\n\n\n\n

As to the electromagnetic waves, polarization describes the trajectory of its electric field (or magnetic field) vector over the propagation cross-section with time. It is essential information that can be used except the time domain, frequency domain, and air domain of electromagnetic waves. The effective use of electromagnetic wave polarization information can significantly improve the identification and anti-jamming capability of intelligence radar, the resolution and anti-jamming capability of synthetic aperture radar (SAR<\/a>), and the weather forecast accuracy of weather radar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When it comes to the polarization of various horn antennas, there are three main polarity types. One is linear polarization, horizontal or vertical polarization. One is circular polarization, left-hand and right-hand circular polarized. The third is dual-polarization which is horizontal & vertical or +45\u00b0& -45\u00b0. Two types of dual-polarized polarization can be interchanged by adjusting the mounting angle of the waveguide. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Dual Polarization<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n